Shopping centre" and "Shopping arcade" redirect here. For specific sorts of shopping centers, see mall , Neighborhood shopping mall , mercantile establishment , Retail park, Power center, Lifestyle center and Festival marketplace.
The interior of the Toronto Eaton Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, a 201,320-square-metre (2,167,000 sq ft)[1] super-regional mall
A shopping mall (American English) or plaza (Commonwealth English), also called a shopping complex, shopping arcade, shopping plaza or galleria, may be a group of outlets built together, sometimes under one roof.[2]
The first known collections of shops under one roof are public markets, dating back to past , and Middle Eastern covered markets, bazaars and souqs. In Paris, about 150 covered passages were built between the late 18th century and 1850, and a wealth of shopping arcades were built across Europe within the 19th century. within the us , the widespread use of the car within the 1920s led to the primary shopping centers of a couple of dozen shops that included parking for cars. Starting in 1946, larger, outdoors centers anchored by department shops were built (sometimes as a set of adjacent retail properties with different owners), then enclosed shopping malls starting with Victor Gruen's Southdale Center near Minneapolis in 1956.
A mall may be a sort of shopping mall , a North American term originally meaning a pedestrian promenade with shops along it, but within the late 1960s began to be used as a generic term for giant shopping centers anchored by department shops , especially enclosed centers.[3][4][page needed] Malls are currently in severe decline ("dead malls") or have closed. Successful exceptions have added entertainment and experiential features,[5] added big-box stores as anchor tenants, or are specialized formats: power centers, lifestyle centers, factory outlet centers, and festival marketplaces.[6] Smaller sorts of shopping centers in North America include neighborhood shopping centers, and even smaller, strip malls. Pedestrian malls (shopping streets) within the us are less common and fewer successful than in Europe.[3][4][page needed] In Canada, underground passages in Montreal and Toronto link large adjacent downtown retail spaces.
In the uk and Europe, distinction is formed between shopping centers (shops under one roof), shopping precincts (pedestrianized zones of a town or city where many retail stores are located),[7] the "high street" (street – pedestrianized or not – with a high concentration of retail shops),[8] and retail parks (usually out of the town center, 5000 sq.m. or larger and anchored by big-box stores or supermarkets, instead of department stores
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